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Preamble
The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA; hereafter, also known as “The Association”) has been committed to a framework of common principles and standards of practice since ASHA’s inception in 1925. This commitment was formalized in 1952 as the Association’s first Code of Ethics. This Code has been modified and adapted as society and the professions have changed. The Code of Ethics reflects what we value as professionals and establishes expectations for our scientific and clinical practice based on principles of duty, accountability, fairness, and responsibility. The ASHA Code of Ethics is intended to ensure the welfare of the consumer and to protect the reputation and integrity of the professions.
The ASHA Code of Ethics is a framework and focused guide for professionals in support of day-to-day decision making related to professional conduct. The Code is partly obligatory and disciplinary and partly aspirational and descriptive in that it defines the professional’s role. The Code educates professionals in the discipline, as well as students, other professionals, and the public, regarding ethical principles and standards that direct professional conduct.
The preservation of the highest standards of integrity and ethical principles is vital to the responsible discharge of obligations by audiologists, speech-language pathologists, and speech, language, and hearing scientists who serve as clinicians, educators, mentors, researchers, supervisors, and administrators. This Code of Ethics sets forth the fundamental principles and rules considered essential to this purpose and is applicable to the following individuals:
By holding ASHA certification or membership, or through application for such, all individuals are automatically subject to the jurisdiction of the Board of Ethics for ethics complaint adjudication. Individuals who provide clinical services and who also desire membership in the Association must hold the CCC.
The fundamentals of ethical conduct are described by Principles of Ethics and by Rules of Ethics. The four Principles of Ethics form the underlying philosophical basis for the Code of Ethics and are reflected in the following areas: (I) responsibility to persons served professionally and to research participants, both human and animal; (II) responsibility for one’s professional competence; (III) responsibility to the public; and (IV) responsibility for professional relationships. Individuals shall honor and abide by these Principles as affirmative obligations under all conditions of applicable professional activity. Rules of Ethics are specific statements of minimally acceptable as well as unacceptable professional conduct.
The Code is designed to provide guidance to members, applicants, and certified individuals as they make professional decisions. Because the Code is not intended to address specific situations and is not inclusive of all possible ethical dilemmas, professionals are expected to follow the written provisions and to uphold the spirit and purpose of the Code. Adherence to the Code of Ethics and its enforcement results in respect for the professions and positive outcomes for individuals who benefit from the work of audiologists, speech-language pathologists, and speech, language, and hearing scientists.
Terminology
ASHA Standards and Ethics
The mailing address for self-reporting in writing is American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Standards and Ethics, 2200 Research Blvd., #313, Rockville, MD 20850.
Advertising
Any form of communication with the public about services, therapies, products, or publications.
Conflict Of Interest
An opposition between the private interests and the official or professional responsibilities of a person in a position of trust, power, and/or authority.
Crime
Any felony; or any misdemeanor involving dishonesty, physical harm to the person or property of another, or a threat of physical harm to the person or property of another. For more details, see the “Disclosure Information” section of applications for ASHA certification found on www.asha.org/certification/AudCertification/ and www.asha.org/certification/SLPCertification/.
Diminished Decision-Making Ability
Any condition that renders a person unable to form the specific intent necessary to determine a reasonable course of action.
Fraud
Any act, expression, omission, or concealment—the intent of which is either actual or constructive—calculated to deceive others to their disadvantage.
Impaired Practitioner
An individual whose professional practice is adversely affected by addiction, substance abuse, or health-related and/or mental health–related conditions.
Individuals
Members and/or certificate holders, including applicants for certification.
Informed Consent
May be verbal, unless written consent is required; constitutes consent by persons served, research participants engaged, or parents and/or guardians of persons served to a proposed course of action after the communication of adequate information regarding expected outcomes and potential risks.
Jurisdiction
The “personal jurisdiction” and authority of the ASHA Board of Ethics over an individual holding ASHA certification and/or membership, regardless of the individual’s geographic location.
Know, Known, Or Knowingly
Having or reflecting knowledge.
May Vs. Shall
May denotes an allowance for discretion; shall denotes no discretion.
Misrepresentation
Any statement by words or other conduct that, under the circumstances, amounts to an assertion that is false or erroneous (i.e., not in accordance with the facts); any statement made with conscious ignorance or a reckless disregard for the truth.
Negligence
Breaching of a duty owed to another, which occurs because of a failure to conform to a requirement, and this failure has caused harm to another individual, which led to damages to this person(s); failure to exercise the care toward others that a reasonable or prudent person would take in the circumstances, or taking actions that such a reasonable person would not.
Nolo Contendere
No contest.
Plagiarism
False representation of another person’s idea, research, presentation, result, or product as one’s own through irresponsible citation, attribution, or paraphrasing; ethical misconduct does not include honest error or differences of opinion.
Publicly Sanctioned
A formal disciplinary action of public record, excluding actions due to insufficient continuing education, checks returned for insufficient funds, or late payment of fees not resulting in unlicensed practice.
Reasonable or Reasonably
Supported or justified by fact or circumstance and being in accordance with reason, fairness, duty, or prudence.
Self-Report
A professional obligation of self-disclosure that requires (a) notifying ASHA Standards and Ethics and (b) mailing a hard copy of a certified document to ASHA Standards and Ethics (see term above). All self-reports are subject to a separate ASHA Certification review process, which, depending on the seriousness of the self-reported information, takes additional processing time.
Shall Vs. May
Shall denotes no discretion; may denotes an allowance for discretion.
Support Personnel
Those providing support to audiologists, speech-language pathologists, or speech, language, and hearing scientists (e.g., technician, paraprofessional, aide, or assistant in audiology, speech-language pathology, or communication sciences and disorders). For more information, read the Issues in Ethics Statements on Audiology Assistants and/or Speech-Language Pathology Assistants.
Tele practice, Teletherapy
Application of telecommunications technology to the delivery of audiology and speech-language pathology professional services at a distance by linking clinician to client/patient or clinician to clinician for assessment, intervention, and/or consultation. The quality of the service should be equivalent to in-person service. For more information, see the tele practice section on the ASHA Practice Portal.
Written
Encompasses both electronic and hard-copy writings or communications.
Principle of Ethics I
Individuals shall honor their responsibility to hold paramount the welfare of persons they serve professionally or who are participants in research and scholarly activities, and they shall treat animals involved in research in a humane manner.
Rules of Ethics
Principle of Ethics II
Individuals shall honor their responsibility to achieve and maintain the highest level of professional competence and performance.
Rules of Ethics
Principle of Ethics III
Individuals shall honor their responsibility to the public when advocating for the unmet communication and swallowing needs of the public and shall provide accurate information involving any aspect of the professions.
Rules of Ethics
Principle of Ethics IV
Individuals shall uphold the dignity and autonomy of the professions, maintain collaborative and harmonious interprofessional and interprofessional relationships, and accept the professions’ self-imposed standards.
Rules of Ethics